قارن الطرق

	تحديد طول قناة الجذر	تحليل الإطباق
المجال	طب الأسنان	طب الأسنان
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1920s (radiography); 1960s (electronic)	1899 (Angle's classification); 1950s+ (modern analysis)
صاحب الطريقة	Multiple innovators (radiographic and electronic methods)	Multiple innovators (Angle, Posselt, Dawson, Okeson)
النوع	Diagnostic and measurement procedure	Clinical and instrumental examination
المصدر التأسيسي	Ingle, J. I., Bakland, L. K., & Baumgartner, J. C. (2008). Endodontics (6th ed.). BC Decker.	Okeson, J. P. (2020). Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion (8th ed.). Elsevier.
الأسماء البديلة	working length measurement, WL determination, electronic apical locator, periapical radiography	occlusion assessment, bite analysis, centric relation recording
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	Root canal length determination (working length) is a critical procedural step in endodontic therapy that establishes the precise depth to which instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation should extend within the root canal system. Modern approaches combine electronic apical locators (EAL) with radiographic verification to accurately locate the apical foramen and establish the working length. Accurate working length determination is essential for successful endodontic treatment, preventing under-instrumentation (leaving infected material) and over-instrumentation (causing periapical inflammation).	Occlusal analysis is a systematic clinical and instrumental examination that evaluates the relationships between the maxillary and mandibular teeth, the temporomandibular joint, and the muscles of mastication. Comprehensive occlusal analysis informs diagnosis of malocclusion, temporomandibular disorders, and guides prosthodontic and orthodontic treatment planning. The analysis integrates static occlusal relationships (centric relation, centric occlusion) with dynamic occlusal patterns (jaw movements) to assess functional harmony and identify occlusal interferences.