قارن الطرق

	نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية القوية	تحليل العوامل التأكيدي القوي
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1994	1984–1994
صاحب الطريقة	Albert Satorra & Peter M. Bentler	Satorra & Bentler (robust SE/chi-square corrections); Browne (ADF estimator)
النوع	Latent variable / path model with robust inference	Confirmatory latent variable model with robust estimation
المصدر التأسيسي	Satorra, A. & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis (pp. 399–419). Sage.	Satorra, A. & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399–419). Sage.
الأسماء البديلة	Robust SEM, SEM with robust standard errors, Satorra-Bentler SEM, non-normal SEM	Robust CFA, CFA with robust standard errors, Satorra-Bentler CFA, non-normal CFA
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Robust structural equation modeling (Robust SEM) applies the full SEM framework — simultaneous estimation of measurement and structural relations among latent variables — while using corrected test statistics and sandwich standard errors that remain valid when observed data depart from multivariate normality. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square is the most widely used correction.	Robust confirmatory factor analysis fits a pre-specified factor structure to observed data while correcting standard errors and goodness-of-fit statistics for violations of multivariate normality. It is the preferred variant of CFA whenever Likert-type, skewed, or kurtotic indicators make the classical normal-theory estimator unreliable.