قارن الطرق

	نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية القوية	تحليل المسار
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1994	1921
صاحب الطريقة	Albert Satorra & Peter M. Bentler	Sewall Wright
النوع	Latent variable / path model with robust inference	Causal / mediation model
المصدر التأسيسي	Satorra, A. & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis (pp. 399–419). Sage.	Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of Agricultural Research, 20(7), 557–585.
الأسماء البديلة	Robust SEM, SEM with robust standard errors, Satorra-Bentler SEM, non-normal SEM	PA, path coefficient analysis, observed-variable SEM, causal path modeling
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Robust structural equation modeling (Robust SEM) applies the full SEM framework — simultaneous estimation of measurement and structural relations among latent variables — while using corrected test statistics and sandwich standard errors that remain valid when observed data depart from multivariate normality. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square is the most widely used correction.	Path analysis tests a researcher-specified causal diagram among observed variables by decomposing their intercorrelations into direct effects, indirect (mediated) effects, and spurious associations. Developed by Sewall Wright in 1921, it is the observed-variable special case of structural equation modeling and remains a standard tool for theory-driven multivariate causal inference.