قارن الطرق

	تصميم الحالة-المتقاطعة المعدل حسب المخاطر	دراسة الحالة والشاهد
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1991 (base design); risk-adjustment extensions from mid-1990s onward	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
صاحب الطريقة	Malcolm Maclure (case-crossover base); extensions incorporating covariate risk adjustment developed in subsequent pharmacoepidemiology literature	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
النوع	Observational analytic epidemiological design	Observational analytic study design
المصدر التأسيسي	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
الأسماء البديلة	adjusted case-crossover study, covariate-adjusted case-crossover, risk-controlled case-crossover, case-crossover with risk adjustment	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
ذات صلة	4	6
الملخص	The risk-adjusted case-crossover design is a self-matched epidemiological method that compares a person's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately preceding an acute event to their exposure during one or more control windows from the same individual, while formally accounting for time-varying or time-fixed covariates that could confound the exposure-event relationship. By using each case as their own control, stable individual-level confounders are automatically cancelled, while covariate adjustment handles residual time-varying risks.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.