قارن الطرق

	دراسة الحالة والشاهد المعدلة بالمخاطر	دراسة الحالات والشواهد المتطابقة
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1950s–1980s (case-control design from 1950; risk-adjustment conventions established by 1980s)	1950s–1970s
صاحب الطريقة	Doll & Hill (foundational case-control); risk adjustment via multivariate logistic regression systematised by Schlesselman (1982) and Breslow & Day (1980)	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
النوع	Observational analytic study design	Observational analytic design
المصدر التأسيسي	Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195029697	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
الأسماء البديلة	adjusted case-control study, covariate-adjusted case-control, risk-stratified case-control study, matched and adjusted case-control study	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	A risk-adjusted case-control study is an observational design that identifies individuals with a disease outcome (cases) and comparable individuals without it (controls), then uses statistical adjustment — most commonly multivariable logistic regression — to estimate the association between an exposure and the outcome while controlling for confounding risk factors. The adjustment step is what distinguishes this variant from a simple case-control study, producing odds ratios that better reflect the independent contribution of the exposure of interest.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.