قارن الطرق

	Rank-Size Rule	Gravity Model of Migration
المجال	Human Geography	Human Geography
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1949	1946
صاحب الطريقة	George Kingsley Zipf	George Kingsley Zipf (formalized); analogy to Newton's law of gravitation
النوع	Empirical regularity and diagnostic for the size distribution of cities	Spatial-interaction regression model for migration flows
المصدر التأسيسي	Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort. Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, MA. ISBN: 9781614273790	Zipf, G. K. (1946). The P1 P2 / D hypothesis: On the intercity movement of persons. American Sociological Review, 11(6), 677–686.
الأسماء البديلة	Zipf's Law for Cities, Rank-Size Distribution, City-Size Rank-Size Relationship, Rank-Size Regularity	Migration Gravity Model, Demographic Gravity Model, Zipf P1P2/D Model, Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction (Migration)
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The rank-size rule is an empirical regularity describing the size distribution of cities within a country or region. In its simplest form, popularized by George Kingsley Zipf in 1949, the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank, so the second-largest city is about half the size of the largest, the third about a third, and so on. Generalized to a power law with an exponent q, it provides a compact way to summarize how evenly or unevenly population is spread across a settlement system and to diagnose urban primacy.	The gravity model of migration explains the volume of movement between two places as proportional to the product of their populations (masses) and inversely proportional to the distance separating them, by direct analogy to Newton's law of universal gravitation. Formalized for intercity movement by George Kingsley Zipf in 1946 and embedded in regional science by Walter Isard, it is the workhorse model of human geography for predicting migration, commuting, and other spatial-interaction flows.