قارن الطرق

	الاستدلال العشوائي الدقيق لفيشر (Fisher Exact Randomization Inference)	اختبار التبديل (العشوائية)
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1935	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Ronald A. Fisher	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
النوع	Exact permutation-based inference	Nonparametric resampling test
المصدر التأسيسي	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver & Boyd.	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
الأسماء البديلة	fisher randomization test, permutation inference, exact randomization test, randomizasyon çıkarımı (fisher exact randomization)	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Randomization inference, introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in The Design of Experiments (1935), computes an exact p-value by evaluating a test statistic across all possible treatment assignments under Fisher's sharp null hypothesis. It is regarded as the gold standard for analysing designed experiments because its validity rests on the known assignment mechanism rather than on distributional assumptions.	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.