قارن الطرق

	الاستدلال العشوائي الدقيق لفيشر (Fisher Exact Randomization Inference)	إعادة أخذ العينات بالجاك نايف
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1935	1956
صاحب الطريقة	Ronald A. Fisher	Quenouille (1956); reviewed by Miller (1974)
النوع	Exact permutation-based inference	Resampling / bias and variance estimation
المصدر التأسيسي	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver & Boyd.	Quenouille, M. H. (1956). Notes on Bias in Estimation. Biometrika, 43(3/4), 353-360.
الأسماء البديلة	fisher randomization test, permutation inference, exact randomization test, randomizasyon çıkarımı (fisher exact randomization)	leave-one-out resampling, Quenouille-Tukey jackknife, delete-one jackknife, Jackknife Yeniden Örnekleme
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Randomization inference, introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in The Design of Experiments (1935), computes an exact p-value by evaluating a test statistic across all possible treatment assignments under Fisher's sharp null hypothesis. It is regarded as the gold standard for analysing designed experiments because its validity rests on the known assignment mechanism rather than on distributional assumptions.	The jackknife is a classical resampling method that estimates the bias and variance of a statistic by systematically recomputing it with one observation left out at a time. Introduced by Quenouille in 1956 and later reviewed by Miller in 1974, it predates the bootstrap and remains a simple, deterministic tool for assessing estimator stability.