قارن الطرق

	Quadratic Assignment Procedure	Dyadic Analysis
المجال	Sociology	Sociology
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1976 (QAP); 1988 (network application)	1981
صاحب الطريقة	Lawrence Hubert & James Schultz; David Krackhardt	Holland & Leinhardt (p1); Kenny (Social Relations Model)
النوع	Permutation-based test of association between two matrices	Analysis of the dyad as the unit, decomposing relational effects
المصدر التأسيسي	Krackhardt, D. (1988). Predicting with networks: Nonparametric multiple regression analysis of dyadic data. Social Networks, 10(4), 359–381.	Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1981). An exponential family of probability distributions for directed graphs. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76(373), 33–50.
الأسماء البديلة	QAP correlation, QAP permutation test, matrix permutation test, Hubert-Schultz QAP	dyad analysis, dyadic data analysis, social relations model, dyad census
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) is a permutation-based method for testing the association between two relational matrices measured on the same set of actors — for example, whether who advises whom is correlated with who is friends with whom. Because the dyads in a network are not independent, ordinary correlation and regression give invalid p-values; QAP fixes this by comparing the observed matrix correlation to a reference distribution generated by randomly relabeling the nodes of one matrix many times.	Dyadic analysis treats the dyad — the pair of actors and the relation between them — as the unit of analysis, separating the relational outcome into what each actor brings to all their relationships and what is unique to the specific pair. It spans the descriptive dyad census of network analysis and statistical frameworks such as Holland and Leinhardt's p1 model and Kenny's Social Relations Model, all of which respect the structural non-independence inherent in relational data.