قارن الطرق

	تحليل البقاء الاستشرافي	التجربة السريرية العشوائية (RCT)
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1958–1972 (foundational methods); prospective design emphasis formalized by 1980s	1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial)
صاحب الطريقة	Kaplan & Meier (estimator, 1958); Cox (proportional hazards model, 1972); prospective design formalised in modern clinical epidemiology	Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team
النوع	Longitudinal observational or experimental study design with time-to-event analysis	Interventional experimental study
المصدر التأسيسي	Kleinbaum, D. G., & Klein, M. (2012). Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441966452	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
الأسماء البديلة	prospective time-to-event analysis, prospective failure-time analysis, forward-looking survival study, prospective event-time study	RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Prospective survival analysis is a longitudinal study design in which participants are enrolled before the event of interest occurs, followed forward in time under standardised conditions, and analysed using survival-analytic methods to estimate the time until a defined clinical endpoint — such as death, disease recurrence, or treatment failure. Because data are collected prospectively, exposure and covariate information are recorded before outcomes are known, substantially reducing recall and selection bias relative to retrospective approaches.	A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions.