قارن الطرق

	تقييم اختبار الفحص الاستباقي	تقييم الاختبارات والبرامج الفاحصة
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1980s–2000s (STARD 2003, updated 2015)	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
صاحب الطريقة	Formalized through diagnostic accuracy methodology (Sackett, Haynes, Tugwell; STARD initiative)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
النوع	Prospective observational study design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
المصدر التأسيسي	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
الأسماء البديلة	prospective diagnostic accuracy study, prospective test performance study, forward-looking screening validation, prospective DTA study	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
ذات صلة	6	6
الملخص	A prospective screening test evaluation enrolls participants before the outcome is known, applies the screening test and the reference standard in temporal sequence, and measures how accurately the test identifies individuals with or without the target condition. This forward-looking design minimizes workup bias and spectrum bias, producing estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values that are more generalizable to real clinical or public-health screening contexts than retrospective alternatives.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.