قارن الطرق

	استبيان الذاكرة الاستشرافية والرجعية	Trail Making Test
المجال	علم النفس العصبي	علم النفس العصبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2003	1958
صاحب الطريقة	John Crawford	Ralph Reitan
النوع	Self-report questionnaire of prospective and retrospective memory complaints	Clinician-administered neuropsychological test of attention and executive function
المصدر التأسيسي	Crawford, J. R., Smith, G., Maylor, E. A., Della Sala, S., & Logie, R. H. (2003). The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Memory, 11(3), 261-275.	Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8(3), 271-276.
الأسماء البديلة	PRMQ, Prospective Retrospective Memory Questionnaire	TMT, Trails A, Trails B, Trail Making A
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) is a 16-item self-report instrument designed to measure subjective memory complaints across two distinct memory domains: prospective memory (remembering to do things in the future) and retrospective memory (remembering past events and information). Developed by Crawford and colleagues at the University of Edinburgh in 2003, the PRMQ provides a brief, validated tool for assessing everyday memory lapses and their impact on functional well-being in both clinical and non-clinical populations.	The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a simple, brief neuropsychological test developed by Reitan in 1958 that measures visuomotor processing speed, attention, and executive function. The TMT comprises two forms: Part A, which assesses basic processing speed and visual scanning, and Part B, which assesses executive function, task-switching, and cognitive flexibility. Despite its simplicity, the TMT is highly sensitive to cognitive impairment across a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions and remains one of the most widely used screening tests in neuropsychology.