قارن الطرق

	اختبار زد لنسبتين	اختبار الإشارة (Sign Test)
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1900	1946
صاحب الطريقة	Karl Pearson / classical large-sample z approximation	W. J. Dixon & A. M. Mood
النوع	Parametric proportion comparison	Nonparametric median test
المصدر التأسيسي	Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions (3rd ed.). Wiley.	Dixon, W. J. & Mood, A. M. (1946). The statistical sign test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 41(236), 557–566.
الأسماء البديلة	z-test for proportions, two-sample proportion test, one-proportion z-test, Oran Testi — z Testi (Oranlar)	İşaret Testi (Sign Test), one-sample sign test, paired sign test
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The proportion test (z-test for proportions) is a parametric hypothesis test that compares one or two sample proportions against a reference value or each other. Grounded in the large-sample normal approximation formalized by Fleiss, Levin, and Paik (2003), it is the standard tool for binary outcome comparisons when samples are large enough for the central limit theorem to apply.	The sign test is the simplest nonparametric hypothesis test for deciding whether the median of paired differences — or of a single sample — differs significantly from a hypothesised value. Formalised by W. J. Dixon and A. M. Mood in 1946, it imposes virtually no distributional assumptions and can be applied to any data where individual differences can be classified as positive or negative.