قارن الطرق

	وزن درجة الميل في أبحاث التعليم	الترجيح الاحتمالي العكسي (IPW / IPTW)
المجال	الاستدلال السببي	الاستدلال السببي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1983 (theory); widely adopted in education research from 2000s	2000
صاحب الطريقة	Rosenbaum & Rubin (foundational theory, 1983); Thoemmes & Kim (education-focused review, 2011)	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
النوع	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference weighting estimator
المصدر التأسيسي	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
الأسماء البديلة	PSW in education, inverse probability weighting in education, IPW education, propensity weighting education	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Propensity score weighting (PSW) is a quasi-experimental technique that reweights observational samples so that treated and comparison students look similar on measured background characteristics, allowing credible causal estimates of educational interventions — such as program participation, instructional method, or school type — without random assignment.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.