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| دراسة الحالة والشاهد البراغماتية× | دراسة الحالات والشواهد المتطابقة× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | علم الأوبئة | علم الأوبئة |
| العائلة | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1950s–1960s (classical); pragmatic framing 1967–2000s | 1950s–1970s |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Evolved from classical case-control methodology (Dorn, 1954; Cornfield, 1956); pragmatic framing formalized by Schwartz & Lellouch (1967) | Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982) |
| النوع≠ | Observational epidemiological study design | Observational analytic design |
| المصدر التأسيسي | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474 |
| الأسماء البديلة | real-world case-control study, pragmatic case-control design, effectiveness case-control study, PCCS | matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design |
| ذات صلة≠ | 6 | 5 |
| الملخص≠ | A pragmatic case-control study is an observational design that compares individuals who have developed a disease or outcome (cases) with those who have not (controls), using data collected under routine real-world conditions rather than strictly controlled experimental settings. Exposure histories are reconstructed from clinical records, registries, or administrative databases. The design is chosen when a conventional explanatory case-control study would be impractical, unethical, or too narrow to inform actual clinical or public-health decisions. | A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association. |
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