قارن الطرق

	تصميم تحليل السلوك التطبيقي العملي (Pragmatic ABA Design)	التجربة العشوائية المُحكّمة العملية
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1968 (ABA base); pragmatic adaptation in applied behavioral research from 1970s onward	1967
صاحب الطريقة	ABA reversal design: Baer, Wolf & Risley (1968); pragmatic orientation: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967)	Daniel Schwartz and Joseph Lellouch
النوع	Single-subject experimental design with pragmatic orientation	Experimental design — pragmatic trial
المصدر التأسيسي	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91–97.	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.
الأسماء البديلة	pragmatic reversal design, naturalistic ABA design, real-world ABA reversal design, pragmatic withdrawal design	pRCT, pragmatic trial, practical clinical trial, real-world RCT
ذات صلة	6	4
الملخص	The Pragmatic ABA Design is a single-subject reversal experiment conducted under real-world, naturalistic conditions rather than tightly controlled laboratory settings. It follows the classic baseline (A1) — intervention (B) — withdrawal/return-to-baseline (A2) sequence while deliberately relaxing control conditions to reflect authentic practice environments. This approach prioritizes external validity and clinical utility, making findings directly applicable to schools, clinics, and community settings.	A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT) tests whether an intervention works under ordinary, real-world conditions — broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and routine care settings. Participants are still randomly assigned to treatment or control, preserving causal inference, but the study is designed to reflect the diversity and variability of actual practice rather than the ideal conditions of an explanatory trial. The defining framework is the PRECIS-2 tool, which maps any RCT along nine pragmatic-to-explanatory dimensions.