قارن الطرق

	التشفير ما بعد الكمومي (كيبر)	التشفير بالمنحنى الإهليلجي
المجال	علم التعمية	علم التعمية
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	2022	1985
صاحب الطريقة	NIST PQC Standardization Project	Neal Koblitz
النوع	post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism	asymmetric encryption and key agreement
المصدر التأسيسي	Avanzi, R., Bos, J., Ducas, L., & Kiltz, E. (2022). CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm specification and supporting documentation. NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project.	Miller, V. S. (1985). Use of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography. In Proceedings of the Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 1985, LNCS 218, pp. 417-426.
الأسماء البديلة	PQC, quantum-resistant cryptography, quantum-safe	ECC, elliptic curve cryptosystem
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Post-quantum cryptography comprises cryptographic algorithms believed to be secure against both classical and quantum computers. In 2022, NIST standardized post-quantum algorithms including ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium) for signatures. Post-quantum cryptography is essential for systems requiring long-term confidentiality, as adversaries may record encrypted communications today and decrypt them once quantum computers become available.	Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a public-key cryptosystem based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. Proposed independently by Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller in 1985, ECC offers equivalent security to RSA with much smaller key sizes. Modern cryptography increasingly favors ECC for its efficiency: a 256-bit ECC key provides security comparable to a 2048-bit RSA key, making it ideal for constrained environments and high-performance systems.