قارن الطرق

	تخطيط النوم المتعدد	أخذ العينات الحيوانية البؤرية
المجال	العلوم البيطرية	العلوم البيطرية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1953	1974
صاحب الطريقة	William Dement and Nathaniel Kleitman	Jeanne Altmann
النوع	Multi-channel Recording and Analysis	Behavioral Sampling Protocol
المصدر التأسيسي	Rechtschaffen, A., & Kales, A. (1968). A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages in Human Subjects. National Institutes of Health Publication.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.
الأسماء البديلة	PSG, sleep study, overnight monitoring	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive multi-channel physiological recording method that simultaneously records brain electrical activity, eye movements, muscle tone, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and limb movements during sleep. First systematized by Rechtschaffen and Kales in 1968, polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders, characterizing sleep architecture, and assessing the quality and organization of sleep in humans and increasingly in veterinary species.	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.