قارن الطرق

	Policy Feedback Analysis	Network Governance Analysis
المجال	Public Administration	Public Administration
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	2008
صاحب الطريقة	Paul Pierson	Keith G. Provan & Patrick Kenis
النوع	Theoretical-analytical framework for policy effects on politics	Interorganizational network analysis framework
المصدر التأسيسي	Pierson, P. (1993). When Effect Becomes Cause: Policy Feedback and Political Change. World Politics, 45(4), 595–628.	Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229–252.
الأسماء البديلة	Policy Feedback Theory Analysis, Feedback Effects Analysis, Policy-as-Cause Analysis, Self-Reinforcing Policy Analysis	Governance Network Analysis, Public Network Governance Assessment, Collaborative Governance Network Analysis, Interorganizational Governance Network Analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Policy feedback analysis examines how policies, once enacted, reshape the politics that follow — turning yesterday's policy effects into today's political causes. Drawing on Paul Pierson's foundational 1993 article 'When Effect Becomes Cause,' it holds that policies are not just outputs of politics but powerful forces that create resources and incentives for groups, build administrative capacities, and shape how citizens understand their interests and their government. By tracing these resource and interpretive feedback effects over time, the method explains why some policies become self-reinforcing and politically durable, why others undermine their own support, and why policy change is often path-dependent and hard to reverse.	Network governance analysis studies how public problems are addressed not by single hierarchical agencies but by networks of interdependent organizations — government bodies, nonprofits, firms and community groups — coordinating to deliver services or make policy. It combines the relational tools of social network analysis with Keith Provan and Patrick Kenis's influential 2008 typology of network governance, which distinguishes shared (participant-governed) networks, lead-organization-governed networks, and network administrative organizations. By mapping the structure of ties, computing network metrics, classifying the governance mode and relating these to outcomes, the method explains how a collaborative network is held together and why it performs as it does.