قارن الطرق

	مخزون الضائقة حول الصدمة (PDI)	مقياس التعرض للقتال (CES)
المجال	علم النفس العسكري	علم النفس العسكري
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2001	1989
صاحب الطريقة	Brunet, Akerib, & Birmes	Keane, Fairbank, Caddell, Zimering, Taylor, & Mora
النوع	Self-report (retrospective to trauma)	Self-report
المصدر التأسيسي	Brunet, A., Akerib, V., & Birmes, P. (2001). Don't forget initial symptoms of acute stress disorder: Evaluation of a simple stack of criteria. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(7), 460-466.	Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55.
الأسماء البديلة	PDI, Peri-Traumatic Distress Inventory	CES, Keane Combat Exposure Scale
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The PDI is a 13-item self-report measure assessing the emotional, physical, and cognitive distress experienced during or immediately after a traumatic event. Developed by Brunet, Akerib, and Birmes in 2001, it captures acute peritraumatic responses (dissociation, fear, confusion) that predict risk for chronic PTSD. It is widely used in emergency medicine, military medical systems, and trauma research to identify acutely traumatized individuals at high risk for persistent psychological injury.	The CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD.