قارن الطرق

	مقياس مناخ سلامة المرضى	مقياس بيئة الممارسة لمؤشر عمل التمريض
المجال	إدارة الرعاية الصحية	إدارة الرعاية الصحية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2005	2002
صاحب الطريقة	Colla, J. B., Bracken, A. C., Kinney, L. M., and colleagues	Ellen T. Lake (University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing), based on foundational work by Kramer and Hafner (1989)
النوع	Self-report	Self-report
المصدر التأسيسي	Blegen, M. A., Gearhart, S., O'Brien, R., Sehgal, N. L., & Alldredge, B. K. (2004). AHRQ's Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture: Psychometric analyses. Journal of Patient Safety, 5(3), 139–144.	Lake, E. T. (2002). Development of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Research in Nursing & Health, 25(3), 176–188.
الأسماء البديلة	PSCS	PES-NWI, NWI-R
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Patient Safety Climate Scale (PSCS) is a focused, brief assessment tool designed to measure staff perceptions of the safety climate within a specific healthcare unit or department. Unlike broader safety culture instruments, the PSCS concentrates on the immediate work environment—how safety is prioritized at the team and unit level, whether staff feel supported in reporting concerns, and whether leadership demonstrates commitment to preventing harm. The PSCS has been used in hospitals, ambulatory centers, and long-term care facilities to rapidly assess readiness for safety initiatives or to track improvements following targeted interventions.	The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) is a 31-item instrument designed to measure nurses' perceptions of their practice environment, particularly factors related to autonomy, control over practice, and organizational support. Developed by Lake in 2002 and based on foundational work by Kramer and Hafner, the PES-NWI assesses five key domains: nursing foundations for quality care, staffing and resource adequacy, collegial nurse–physician relationships, nurse manager ability and support, and organizational support for nursing. It is widely used in hospital quality and nursing research to identify environmental factors associated with nurse satisfaction, retention, and patient safety outcomes.