قارن الطرق

	مقياس الهوية الحزبية	مقياس الهوية الوطنية	مقياس الثقة السياسية
المجال	علم النفس السياسي	علم النفس السياسي	علم النفس السياسي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1960	1989	1974
صاحب الطريقة	Angus Campbell et al.	Richard Kosterman & Seymour Feshbach	Arthur H. Miller
النوع	Self-report	Self-report	Self-report
المصدر التأسيسي	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.	Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257-274.	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.
الأسماء البديلة	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength	NIS, National Attachment Scale, Patriotism Scale	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module
ذات صلة	3	3	3
الملخص	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.	The National Identity Scale measures the strength and character of individuals' identification with their nation, including attachment to national symbols, pride in national achievements, and sense of belonging to the national community. Developed by Kosterman and Feshbach (1989), it distinguishes patriotism (pride in national accomplishments, willingness to serve) from nationalism (belief in national superiority, willingness to act against outsiders). The measure has become essential in comparative politics, examining how national identity shapes political behavior, attitudes toward immigration, support for international cooperation, and electoral choices.	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.