قارن الطرق

	Participatory Technology Assessment	Foresight Scenario Method
المجال	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1995	1995
صاحب الطريقة	Danish Board of Technology tradition; Simon Joss, John Durant, Leonhard Hennen	Paul Schoemaker, drawing on Herman Kahn and the Shell/intuitive-logics tradition
النوع	Deliberative public-participation process	Structured future-construction process
المصدر التأسيسي	Joss, S., & Durant, J. (Eds.). (1995). Public Participation in Science: The Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe. Science Museum. ISBN: 9780901805874	Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1995). Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking. Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 25-40.
الأسماء البديلة	pTA, Public technology assessment, Citizen technology assessment	Scenario planning, Intuitive-logics scenarios, Scenario building
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Participatory technology assessment (pTA) involves lay citizens and stakeholders—not only experts—in assessing the social, ethical, and political dimensions of technologies. Through structured deliberative formats such as consensus conferences, citizens' juries, and scenario workshops, ordinary people are informed, allowed to question experts, and helped to form and articulate a considered collective view, which is then fed into public and policy debate. pTA democratises technology assessment, treating the public not as a problem to be managed but as a legitimate voice in technological choices.	The scenario method constructs a small set of internally consistent, plausible stories about how the future might unfold, built from the key driving forces and critical uncertainties facing a decision. Rather than forecasting one expected future, it deliberately develops several contrasting futures so that strategies can be tested against a range of possibilities and decision-makers can rehearse responses to what might otherwise be surprises.