قارن الطرق

	نموذج الرصيد الجزئي (PCM / GPCM)	نموذج راش
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1982	1960
صاحب الطريقة	Geoff N. Masters (PCM, 1982); Eiji Muraki (GPCM, 1992)	Georg Rasch
النوع	Item Response Theory / Polytomous IRT	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
المصدر التأسيسي	Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47(2), 149–174.	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
الأسماء البديلة	Kısmi Kredi Modeli (PCM / GPCM), Generalized Partial Credit Model, GPCM, PCM	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	The Partial Credit Model is an extension of the Rasch measurement framework designed for ordered polytomous items — items whose responses fall into more than two ordered categories, such as partial-credit tasks in performance assessment or open-ended scoring rubrics. Proposed by Geoff Masters in 1982 and later generalised by Eiji Muraki in 1992, the model estimates a separate threshold (step) parameter for each adjacent-category transition within every item, allowing fine-grained calibration of how much each additional credit level contributes to locating a person on the latent trait.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.