قارن الطرق

	Parity Progression Ratio	Gross Reproduction Rate
المجال	علم السكان	علم السكان
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1953	1928
صاحب الطريقة	Louis Henry (formalized in modern demography)	Richard Böckh (concept) and Robert R. Kuczynski (popularization)
النوع	Order-specific fertility measure built from a sequence of conditional progression probabilities	Single-sex summary fertility measure counting daughters per woman
المصدر التأسيسي	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
الأسماء البديلة	PPR, Birth progression ratio, Parity progression probability, Doğum Sırası İlerleme Oranı	GRR, Gross reproductive rate, Daughters per woman (without mortality), Brüt Üreme Hızı
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	A parity progression ratio is the conditional probability that a woman who has already had a given number of children goes on to have one more. By converting a static parity distribution into a sequence of birth-by-birth transition probabilities, the method reveals where childbearing stops within a cohort and lets demographers rebuild completed fertility from the bottom up. It is the natural fertility analogue of a survival or life-table transition, treating each additional birth as a further step a woman may or may not take.	The gross reproduction rate is the average number of daughters a woman would bear over her lifetime if she experienced a given set of age-specific fertility rates and survived through all her childbearing years. It is a single-sex reproduction measure: by counting only daughters, it tracks how a generation of women replaces itself, ignoring the mortality that would thin the next generation. As such it sits between the total fertility rate, which counts all children, and the net reproduction rate, which discounts daughters for the chance of dying before they themselves reproduce.