قارن الطرق

	المسح العلائقي القائم على الألواح	البحث الارتباطي الطولي
المجال	تصميم البحث	تصميم البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1940s onward (panel survey); relational survey as standard practice by mid-20th century	Mid-20th century (formalized 1940s–1960s)
صاحب الطريقة	Rooted in panel survey traditions systematized by Paul Lazarsfeld (1940s) and relational survey methodology codified by Kerlinger, Babbie, and de Leeuw	Rooted in early correlational methodology (Galton, Pearson late 19th c.); longitudinal extension formalized through panel studies in social sciences (mid-20th c.)
النوع	Quantitative observational longitudinal survey design	Non-experimental quantitative design
المصدر التأسيسي	de Leeuw, E. D., Hox, J. J., & Dillman, D. A. (Eds.). (2008). International Handbook of Survey Methodology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates / Taylor & Francis. ISBN: 978-0805857535	Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0078097898
الأسماء البديلة	longitudinal relational survey, panel relational study, repeated-measures correlational survey, panel correlational design	longitudinal correlational study, prospective correlational design, longitudinal associational research, repeated-measures correlational design
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	A panel-based relational survey is a quantitative design that recruits the same group of respondents and surveys them at two or more time points to examine how variables relate to, predict, or co-vary with one another over time. By combining the relational goal of uncovering associations among variables with the panel structure of repeated measurement from a stable sample, the design enables researchers to track how relationships evolve, test directional hypotheses about predictors and outcomes, and distinguish within-person change from between-person differences.	Longitudinal correlational research is a non-experimental quantitative design that examines the strength and direction of relationships among variables by collecting data from the same participants at two or more points in time. Unlike a cross-sectional correlational study, the longitudinal approach captures how associations evolve, persist, or dissolve across time, providing a stronger empirical basis for causal inference without experimental manipulation.