قارن الطرق

	Palma Ratio	Gini Coefficient
المجال	Sociology	Sociology
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2011 (Palma's finding); 2013–2014 (the ratio)	1912
صاحب الطريقة	Gabriel Palma; named by Cobham & Sumner	Corrado Gini
النوع	Tail-ratio inequality measure	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality
المصدر التأسيسي	Cobham, A., & Sumner, A. (2014). Is inequality all about the tails? The Palma measure of income inequality. Significance, 11(1), 10–13.	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.
الأسماء البديلة	Palma index, Palma measure, top10/bottom40 ratio	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Palma ratio measures income inequality as the ratio of the income share held by the richest 10 percent of the population to the share held by the poorest 40 percent. It rests on the empirical regularity, documented by Gabriel Palma, that the middle deciles (5 through 9) capture a remarkably stable half of national income across countries, so that inequality is essentially a contest between the top and the bottom — the 'tails' of the distribution.	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.