قارن الطرق

	استبيان الكفاءة الذاتية للألم	مقياس الكارثية الألمية
المجال	طب الألم	طب الألم
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1989	1995
صاحب الطريقة	Michael K. Nicholas	Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop
النوع	Self-report questionnaire measuring self-efficacy beliefs about managing chronic pain	Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain
المصدر التأسيسي	Nicholas, M.K. (1989). Self-efficacy and chronic pain. The American Psychological Association Annual Convention, New Orleans, LA.	Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.
الأسماء البديلة	PSEQ, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire	PCS, Catastrophizing Scale
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a 10-item self-report instrument developed by Nicholas in 1989 to measure self-efficacy beliefs—a person's confidence in their ability to manage pain and function despite pain. Higher PSEQ scores predict better pain outcomes, less disability, and greater treatment success, making it a key measure in pain rehabilitation and psychological intervention research.	The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management.