قارن الطرق

	مقياس الكارثية الألمية	استبيان الكفاءة الذاتية للألم
المجال	طب الألم	طب الألم
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1995	1989
صاحب الطريقة	Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop	Michael K. Nicholas
النوع	Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain	Self-report questionnaire measuring self-efficacy beliefs about managing chronic pain
المصدر التأسيسي	Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.	Nicholas, M.K. (1989). Self-efficacy and chronic pain. The American Psychological Association Annual Convention, New Orleans, LA.
الأسماء البديلة	PCS, Catastrophizing Scale	PSEQ, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management.	The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a 10-item self-report instrument developed by Nicholas in 1989 to measure self-efficacy beliefs—a person's confidence in their ability to manage pain and function despite pain. Higher PSEQ scores predict better pain outcomes, less disability, and greater treatment success, making it a key measure in pain rehabilitation and psychological intervention research.