قارن الطرق

	مقياس الكارثية الألمية	مقياس أعراض قلق الألم
المجال	طب الألم	طب الألم
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1995	1996
صاحب الطريقة	Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop	Gordon J.G. Asmundson and colleagues
النوع	Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain	Self-report scale measuring anxiety symptoms in response to pain
المصدر التأسيسي	Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.	McWilliams, L.A., Asmundson, G.J., & Gauthier, N. (2006). Pain anxiety symptoms scale: Brief 20-item version (PASS-20). Journal of Pain, 7(7), 479-485.
الأسماء البديلة	PCS, Catastrophizing Scale	PASS, Anxiety Symptoms Scale
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management.	The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Asmundson and colleagues in 1996 to measure anxiety symptoms specifically related to pain. The PASS captures fear of pain, avoidance behaviors, cognitive anxiety, and physiological anxiety responses that commonly accompany chronic pain and contribute to disability through fear-avoidance mechanisms.