قارن الطرق

	علم قياس الرأس التقويمي	تصوير الأسنان بالأشعة السينية (بيت وينج)
المجال	طب الأسنان	طب الأسنان
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1931	1913 (original technique)
صاحب الطريقة	Benjamin Broadbent	Multiple innovators, formalized in 20th century
النوع	Imaging and measurement technique	Radiographic examination
المصدر التأسيسي	Broadbent, B. H. (1931). A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthodontist, 1(2), 45-66.	Ludlow, J. B., Davies-Ludlow, L. E., Brooks, S. L., & Howerton, W. B. (2006). Dosimetry of 3 intraoral digital imaging systems. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 101(2), 226-234.
الأسماء البديلة	cephalometric analysis, cephalometric radiography, cephalogram	bitewing X-ray, bitewings, posterior radiography
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Orthodontic cephalometry is a standardized radiographic technique that produces a lateral or postero-anterior skull radiograph from a fixed source-to-film distance and patient position. Introduced by Benjamin Broadbent in 1931, cephalometric analysis enables systematic measurement of skeletal and dental relationships to assess malocclusion, plan treatment, and monitor growth and treatment changes. The technique remains fundamental to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.	Bitewing radiography is a standard intraoral radiographic technique that captures the coronal portions of both maxillary and mandibular teeth in a single image, with the patient biting on a film holder or digital sensor. Introduced in the early 20th century and formalized as a diagnostic standard, bitewing radiographs are the primary image type for detecting approximal caries, monitoring alveolar bone level for periodontal disease assessment, and evaluating dental restorations and radiographic density changes. Digital bitewings have reduced radiation exposure and improved image quality and archiving.