قارن الطرق

	تحليل الفقرات الترتيبية	ألفا كرونباخ الترتيبية
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1950s–1980s	2007
صاحب الطريقة	Classical test theory tradition (Guilford, Nunnally, and others)	Zumbo, Gadermann, and Zeisser
النوع	Item-level diagnostic	Internal consistency reliability coefficient
المصدر التأسيسي	Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0070474659	Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C. (2007). Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 21–29.
الأسماء البديلة	item analysis for ordinal data, polytomous item analysis, Likert item analysis, OIA	alpha for ordinal data, polychoric alpha, ordinal reliability coefficient, alpha based on polychoric correlations
ذات صلة	6	3
الملخص	Ordinal item analysis evaluates each individual item in a rating-scale or Likert-type instrument using descriptive and correlational statistics suited to ordered categorical response formats. It guides item selection and refinement by flagging items with problematic difficulty, poor discrimination, or low corrected item-total correlations before reliability and validity studies proceed.	Ordinal Cronbach's alpha is a reliability coefficient computed from polychoric or polyserial correlations rather than Pearson correlations, making it appropriate for Likert-type and other ordinal item response data. It corrects the systematic downward bias that standard Cronbach's alpha produces when items are treated as continuous but are actually ordinal.