قارن الطرق

	نظرية التعميم الترتيبي	تحليل الموثوقية متعدد المستويات
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1963–2001	2014
صاحب الطريقة	Lee J. Cronbach and Robert L. Brennan	Geldhof, Preacher & Zyphur
النوع	Reliability / generalizability analysis	Reliability estimation / psychometric modeling
المصدر التأسيسي	Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability Theory. Springer. ISBN: 978-0387952826	Geldhof, G. J., Preacher, K. J., & Zyphur, M. J. (2014). Reliability estimation in a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework. Psychological Methods, 19(1), 72–91.
الأسماء البديلة	Ordinal G-theory, G-theory for ordinal data, ordinal variance component analysis, G-study for ordered categorical data	multilevel omega, within-group reliability, between-group reliability, hierarchical reliability
ذات صلة	5	3
الملخص	Ordinal generalizability theory extends classical G-theory to the analysis of reliability and measurement error when item responses are ordered categorical (e.g., Likert-type) rather than continuous. It partitions score variance into components attributable to persons, facets, and their interactions, while accounting for the discrete, bounded nature of ordinal rating scales.	Multilevel reliability analysis estimates the internal consistency of scale scores separately at the within-group (individual) and between-group (cluster) levels. It corrects the bias that arises when ordinary alpha or omega is applied to hierarchically nested data, such as employees within organizations or students within classrooms.