قارن الطرق

	مشكلة لامبرت (Lambert's problem)	المساعدة بالجاذبية
المجال	الفيزياء التطبيقية	الفيزياء التطبيقية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1761	1961
صاحب الطريقة	Johann Heinrich Lambert	Michael Minovitch
النوع	Orbital computation algorithm	Orbital maneuver technique
المصدر التأسيسي	Lambert, J. H. (1761). Acta Helvetica. Physico-Mathematico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica.	Minovitch, M. A. (1961). The determination and characteristics of ballistic interplanetary trajectories under the influence of multiple planetary gravitational fields. Technical Report 32-464, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
الأسماء البديلة	Lambert's problem, Lambert-Godstein trajectory problem	swing-by, gravitational slingshot
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Lambert's problem is a classical astrodynamics boundary-value problem that determines an orbit connecting two points in space given a transfer time. Formulated by Johann Heinrich Lambert in the 18th century, it is fundamental to trajectory design for interplanetary missions and spacecraft maneuvers. The solution provides the orbital elements and velocities needed to transition between two positions.	A gravity assist (or swing-by) maneuver uses the gravitational field of a planet or other celestial body to alter a spacecraft's trajectory and velocity without expending fuel. Discovered by Michael Minovitch at JPL in 1961, this technique is crucial for reaching distant planets economically. It works by exploiting the relative motion between the spacecraft, the assisting body, and the Sun.