قارن الطرق

	Occupational Gender Segregation Index	Gender Parity Index
المجال	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1955	2003
صاحب الطريقة	Otis Dudley Duncan & Beverly Duncan	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
النوع	Distributional segregation index	Ratio-based parity indicator
المصدر التأسيسي	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). Education Indicators: Technical Guidelines. UNESCO-UIS, Montreal.
الأسماء البديلة	Duncan Dissimilarity Index, Index of Dissimilarity, Sex Segregation Index	GPI, Education Gender Parity Index, UNESCO Gender Parity Index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Occupational gender segregation indices measure how unevenly women and men are distributed across occupations. The most widely used is the Duncan and Duncan index of dissimilarity, introduced in 1955, which gives the share of women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the two distributions to match. Together with margin-free alternatives and decompositions into horizontal and vertical components, these indices are the standard tools for quantifying the sex segregation of labour markets.	The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a simple, widely used indicator — standardised by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics — that expresses the value of an education statistic for females relative to males as a ratio. Most commonly applied to enrolment, completion, and literacy rates, a GPI of one signals parity, values below one indicate disparity favouring males, and values above one indicate disparity favouring females. It is the standard yardstick for monitoring gender parity in education, including in the Sustainable Development Goals.