قارن الطرق

	تأريخ الترطيب بالسبج	التأريخ بالكربون المشع
المجال	علم الآثار	الجيوفيزياء
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1960	1949
صاحب الطريقة	Irving Friedman	Willard Libby
النوع	Hydration layer dating technique	Chronometric method based on ¹⁴C decay
المصدر التأسيسي	Friedman, I., & Smith, R. L. (1960). A new dating method using obsidian: Part 1, the surface rind method. Journal of Geophysical Research, 65(4), 1287-1291.	Libby, W. F. (1949). Radiocarbon dating. University of Chicago Press.
الأسماء البديلة	OHD, obsidian hydration method	¹⁴C dating, Carbon-14 dating
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	Obsidian hydration dating (OHD) is a chronometric method that determines the age of obsidian artifacts by measuring the thickness of a hydration layer formed on their exposed surfaces. Developed by Irving Friedman and Robert Smith in 1960, it is based on the principle that fresh obsidian surfaces absorb water from the surrounding environment at a measurable rate. The method is particularly valuable in archaeology for dating volcanic glass tools and other obsidian objects, especially in regions where obsidian was commonly used for cutting and scraping implements.	Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric technique that determines the age of organic materials by measuring the radioactive decay of ¹⁴C (carbon-14), a rare isotope produced in the atmosphere by cosmic ray interactions. Developed by Willard Libby in 1949, radiocarbon dating became a foundational method in archaeology, paleoclimate studies, and geology, enabling dating of organic materials from the past ~50,000 years with typical precision of ±50–100 years.