قارن الطرق

	تقنية المجموعة الاسمية	بحث الفعل	أبحاث مجموعات التركيز
المجال	نوعي	البحث النوعي	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1971	1946	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
صاحب الطريقة	André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
النوع	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative data collection method
المصدر التأسيسي	Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
الأسماء البديلة	NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
ذات صلة	6	1	6
الملخص	The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.