قارن الطرق

	المُسَلسِلُ عدم الانعطاف (NUTS)	الاستدلال التبايني
المجال	بايزي	بايزي
العائلة	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
سنة النشأة	2014	1999
صاحب الطريقة	Matthew D. Hoffman & Andrew Gelman	Jordan, Ghahramani, Jaakkola & Saul
النوع	Sampling algorithm (MCMC)	Approximate Bayesian inference
المصدر التأسيسي	Hoffman, M. D., & Gelman, A. (2014). The No-U-Turn Sampler: Adaptively setting path lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 15(47), 1593–1623.	Jordan, M. I., Ghahramani, Z., Jaakkola, T. S., & Saul, L. K. (1999). An introduction to variational methods for graphical models. Machine Learning, 37(2), 183–233.
الأسماء البديلة	NUTS, No-U-Turn HMC, adaptive Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, self-tuning HMC	VI, variational Bayes, VB, mean-field variational inference
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The No-U-Turn Sampler (NUTS) is a self-tuning Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm introduced by Hoffman and Gelman (2014) that extends Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) by automatically determining the optimal number of leapfrog steps, eliminating the most sensitive manual tuning parameter. NUTS is the default sampler in Stan and PyMC and has made large-scale, high-dimensional Bayesian inference practically accessible without requiring users to set trajectory lengths by hand.	Variational inference (VI) is a family of techniques that turn Bayesian posterior computation into an optimisation problem. Instead of drawing samples from the exact posterior — as Markov chain Monte Carlo does — VI posits a simpler, tractable family of distributions and finds the member of that family closest to the true posterior by maximising the evidence lower bound (ELBO). Introduced in its modern graphical-model form by Jordan, Ghahramani, Jaakkola and Saul (1999) and given a comprehensive statistical treatment by Blei, Kucukelbir and McAuliffe (2017), VI is now the standard scalable inference engine in probabilistic machine learning.