قارن الطرق

	دراسة الحالة والشاهد المتداخلة (Nested Case-Control Study)	نموذج كوكس للمخاطر النسبية
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1973–1977	1972
صاحب الطريقة	Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization)	Sir David Roxbee Cox
النوع	Hybrid observational study design	Semi-parametric regression model
المصدر التأسيسي	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.	Cox, D. R. (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 34(2), 187–202.
الأسماء البديلة	NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control	Cox regression, Cox PH model, proportional hazards model, CPH
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding.	The Cox proportional hazards model is a semi-parametric regression method that estimates the effect of one or more covariates on the hazard — the instantaneous rate of an event such as death, relapse, or failure — while making no assumption about the shape of the baseline hazard function. Introduced by David Cox in 1972, it is the dominant tool for multivariable survival analysis in clinical and epidemiological research.