قارن الطرق

	أخذ العينات متعدد المراحل	العينة العشوائية البسيطة
المجال	منهجية المسح	منهجية المسح
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977)	Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977
صاحب الطريقة	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran	William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran
النوع	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
المصدر التأسيسي	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
الأسماء البديلة	multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling	SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage.	Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated.