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| القياس المتعدد المستويات المتكافئ× | تحليل العوامل التأكيدي (CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | القياس النفسي | القياس النفسي |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 2000s | 1969 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Muthén, Asparouhov, and colleagues | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| النوع≠ | Measurement model evaluation | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Muthén, B. O., & Asparouhov, T. (2009). Multilevel factor analysis of class and student achievement components. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 34(2), 250–270. link ↗ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة | MLMI, multilevel factorial invariance, cross-level measurement invariance, multilevel CFA invariance | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| ذات صلة≠ | 3 | 4 |
| الملخص≠ | Multilevel measurement invariance testing evaluates whether a latent construct is measured equivalently both within clusters (e.g., individuals within teams) and between clusters (e.g., team-level aggregates). It extends standard measurement invariance procedures to nested data structures commonly encountered in organisational, educational, and cross-cultural research. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
| ScholarGateمجموعة البيانات ↗ |
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