قارن الطرق

	محاكاة البوتستراب متعددة المستويات	الاستدلال البايزي الهرمي
المجال	بايزي	بايزي
العائلة	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
سنة النشأة	1979 (bootstrap); multilevel variants c.1990s	1972 (Lindley & Smith); consolidated 1995–2013
صاحب الطريقة	Efron (1979); multilevel extensions developed through 1980s–2000s	Lindley & Smith; Gelman et al.
النوع	resampling / simulation	Bayesian multilevel model
المصدر التأسيسي	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap methods: Another look at the jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1–26.	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
الأسماء البديلة	hierarchical bootstrap, cluster bootstrap, stratified bootstrap for multilevel data, multilevel resampling	multilevel Bayesian modeling, Bayesian hierarchical model, nested Bayesian model, partial pooling model
ذات صلة	6	6
الملخص	Multilevel bootstrap simulation is a resampling technique designed for clustered or hierarchically structured data. It preserves the nested data structure by resampling at each level independently — first drawing clusters (e.g., schools, hospitals), then drawing observations within each sampled cluster — so that bootstrap replicate datasets reflect the same multilevel organisation as the original data.	Hierarchical Bayesian inference is a probabilistic modeling framework that organises parameters into levels, placing priors on the group-level parameters and hyperpriors on the parameters governing those priors. It enables partial pooling of information across groups, balancing the extremes of treating each group as independent or merging them into a single estimate.