قارن الطرق

	دراسة حالة وشاهد متعددة المراكز	تجربة سريرية عشوائية متعددة المراكز
المجال	علم الأوبئة	علم الأوبئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Mid-20th century; multicenter framework formalised 1970s–1980s	1970s–1980s (widespread adoption for large-scale efficacy trials)
صاحب الطريقة	Epidemiology convention; seminal statistical framework by Breslow & Day (IARC, 1980)	Evolved from single-center RCT methodology; consolidated through landmark trials such as the MRC streptomycin trial (1948) and large cardiovascular mega-trials of the 1970s–1980s
النوع	Observational analytical epidemiological design	Interventional experimental design
المصدر التأسيسي	Breslow, N. E., & Day, N. E. (1980). Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. IARC Scientific Publications No. 32. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon. ISBN: 978-9283211327	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
الأسماء البديلة	multisite case-control study, collaborative case-control study, pooled case-control study, multi-institutional case-control study	multi-site RCT, multicenter RCT, multinational randomized trial, multicenter controlled trial
ذات صلة	6	6
الملخص	A multicenter case-control study is an observational design that identifies individuals who have developed a disease (cases) and disease-free comparators (controls) across two or more study sites simultaneously. By pooling recruitment across hospitals, clinics, or geographic regions, the design achieves larger sample sizes, captures exposure variability over broader populations, and improves the statistical power needed to detect modest odds ratios for rare or heterogeneous diseases.	A multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which eligible participants are randomly assigned to intervention or control arms simultaneously across two or more clinical sites. By combining the rigor of randomization with enrollment from geographically or institutionally diverse centers, this design produces large samples and externally valid effect estimates that single-center trials rarely achieve. It is the regulatory gold standard for confirmatory efficacy and safety evaluation of new treatments.