قارن الطرق

	المسح المتنقل لتجارب متعددة المصادر	الملاحظة التشاركية متعددة المصادر
المجال	منهجية المسح	منهجية المسح
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2000s–2010s	1980s (building on early 20th-century fieldwork traditions)
صاحب الطريقة	Developed from ESM (Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1983) and extended to multi-informant intensive longitudinal designs by Bolger, Laurenceau, and colleagues	Developed from classical participant observation traditions (Bronislaw Malinowski, Chicago School); multi-source extension codified by Hammersley & Atkinson and Spradley
النوع	Intensive longitudinal multi-informant data collection technique	Qualitative data collection technique
المصدر التأسيسي	Bolger, N., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2013). Intensive Longitudinal Methods: An Introduction to Diary and Experience Sampling Research. Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462506781	Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019
الأسماء البديلة	multi-informant ESM, dyadic ESM, multi-respondent ecological momentary assessment, MSESM	multi-site participant observation, triangulated participant observation, multi-vantage participant observation, MSPO
ذات صلة	6	3
الملخص	Multi-source Mobile Experience Sampling extends the standard ESM design by simultaneously collecting repeated momentary self-reports from two or more linked informant types — such as patient and caregiver, employee and supervisor, or partners in a dyad — via their smartphones. Signals are delivered concurrently across sources, enabling researchers to examine convergences and discrepancies between informants' real-time experiences and to model interpersonal dynamics at the moment they unfold in daily life.	Multi-source participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher is embedded within a social setting and systematically gathers observational data from multiple vantage points, sites, or informant roles simultaneously. By triangulating across sources, the method strengthens credibility and provides a richer, more complete picture of social phenomena than single-site observation alone.