قارن الطرق

	أخذ العينات النموذجية متعددة المستويات	أخذ العينات ذو التباين الأقصى
المجال	منهجية المسح	منهجية المسح
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
صاحب الطريقة	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
النوع	Purposive sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
المصدر التأسيسي	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
الأسماء البديلة	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.