قارن الطرق

	أخذ العينات متعدد المستويات بأقصى تباين	العينات الطبقية
المجال	منهجية المسح	منهجية المسح
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1990s–2000s	1977
صاحب الطريقة	Synthesized from Patton's maximum variation sampling (1990) and multi-level survey design traditions	William G. Cochran
النوع	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling design	Probability-based survey sampling design
المصدر التأسيسي	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Chapter 5: Maximum variation sampling and purposeful sampling strategies] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-16240-7
الأسماء البديلة	hierarchical maximum variation sampling, nested maximum diversity sampling, multi-tier purposive variation sampling, MLMVS	Proportional Stratified Sampling, Optimal Allocation Sampling, Stratum-Based Sampling, Tabakalı Örnekleme
ذات صلة	5	2
الملخص	Multi-level maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy that deliberately selects cases at two or more nested organizational levels — such as schools within districts, or patients within clinics — while maximizing heterogeneity on key dimensions at each level. The aim is to capture the full range of variation within a hierarchically structured population so that patterns common across diverse contexts can be identified and context-specific differences can be documented with credibility.	Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics.