قارن الطرق

	تقييم الصلاحية التمييزية للمجموعات المتعددة	الصلاحية التقاربية
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1981 (foundational criterion); multi-group extension 1990s–2000s	1959
صاحب الطريقة	Fornell & Larcker (for the AVE-based criterion); extended to multi-group settings by the SEM invariance literature	Donald T. Campbell & Donald W. Fiske
النوع	Validity assessment / model comparison	Validity evidence / construct validation
المصدر التأسيسي	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81–105.
الأسماء البديلة	cross-group discriminant validity, multi-sample discriminant validity, MGDV, discriminant validity across groups	convergent construct validity, convergence validity, AVE-based convergent validity
ذات صلة	5	4
الملخص	Multi-group discriminant validity assessment tests whether constructs measured by a scale are empirically distinct not just in one sample but consistently across two or more groups (e.g., cultures, genders, age cohorts). It extends standard discriminant validity criteria — such as the AVE rule and the HTMT ratio — into a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework to verify that conceptual distinctness is replicable across subpopulations.	Convergent validity is the degree to which multiple indicators that are theoretically expected to measure the same construct actually correlate with one another. It is one of the two complementary forms of construct validity identified by Campbell and Fiske (1959) and is now routinely assessed via factor loadings and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) statistic in SEM-based scale validation.