قارن الطرق

	حساب مولر-ستوكس	بصريات فورييه
المجال	علم البصريات	علم البصريات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1852	1822
صاحب الطريقة	George Gabriel Stokes and Hans Mueller	Joseph Fourier and Ernst Abbe
النوع	Vector-matrix formalism	Spectral decomposition method
المصدر التأسيسي	Stokes, G. G. (1852). On the composition and resolution of streams of polarized light from different sources. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 9, 399-416.	Goodman, J. W. (1968). Introduction to Fourier Optics. McGraw-Hill.
الأسماء البديلة	Mueller matrix method, Stokes parameters, Mueller calculus	frequency-domain optics, wave optics, diffraction theory
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Mueller-Stokes calculus is a mathematical framework for describing and analyzing the polarization properties of light, including partially polarized and unpolarized light. Grounded in George Gabriel Stokes' 1852 work on polarization parameters and extended by Hans Mueller in 1948, this formalism uses the four-component Stokes vector and the 4×4 Mueller matrix to track how optical systems transform polarization states.	Fourier optics is a mathematical framework that analyzes optical systems and phenomena using Fourier transforms and frequency-domain methods. Grounded in Joseph Fourier's 1822 work on heat diffusion and Ernst Abbe's microscopy theory, this approach decomposes optical fields into plane waves or spatial frequencies, revealing how optical systems manipulate and filter these components to produce images and transmit information.