قارن الطرق

	مقياس مجلس البحوث الطبية لضيق التنفس	اختبار نتائج الأنف والجيوب الأنفية-22 (SNOT-22)
المجال	طب الرئة	طب الرئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1959	2009
صاحب الطريقة	Medical Research Council (UK)	Claire Hopkins, King's College London
النوع	Clinician or self-rated ordinal scale	Self-report questionnaire
المصدر التأسيسي	Van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Visser, M. C., Schouten, H. J., & van Gijn, J. (1988). Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke, 19(5), 604-607.	Hopkins, C., Gillett, S., Slack, R., Lund, V. J., & Browne, J. P. (2009). Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clinical Otolaryngology, 34(5), 447-454.
الأسماء البديلة	MRC, MRC Dyspnea, Modified Borg	SNOT-22, SNOT
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The MRC Dyspnoea Scale is a simple 5-grade ordinal classification of dyspnea severity based on the exertional threshold at which breathlessness limits activity. Developed by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used dyspnea assessments globally due to its brevity, ease of administration, and strong prognostic correlation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic respiratory diseases. The scale is used in clinical practice, epidemiological surveys, and longitudinal disease monitoring to grade symptom severity and guide treatment intensity.	The SNOT-22 is a 22-item disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire designed to assess sino-nasal symptoms and their functional impact on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, and allied conditions. Developed by Hopkins and colleagues at King's College London in 2009, it has become the most widely used instrument for measuring sino-nasal disease burden in clinical trials and rhinological practice. The SNOT-22 provides rapid, patient-centered assessment of both nasal-specific symptoms (congestion, drainage, sneezing) and general health impacts (sleep, headache, concentration).