قارن الطرق

	محاكاة مونت كارلو لنقل النيوترونات والجسيمات	قياس الجرعة الإشعاعية
المجال	الفيزياء النووية	الفيزياء النووية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1949	1896
صاحب الطريقة	Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam	Wilhelm Röntgen, Henri Becquerel
النوع	probabilistic computational method	experimental measurement methodology
المصدر التأسيسي	Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.	Knoll, G. F. (2010). Radiation Detection and Measurement (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
الأسماء البديلة	Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method	dose measurement, radiation monitoring, exposure quantification
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables.	Dosimetry measurement is the experimental quantification of radiation dose and exposure, originating from Röntgen and Becquerel's 1890s discoveries. It employs specialized detectors (ion chambers, TLD, Geiger counters) to measure photon and particle energy deposition in biological tissue or materials, providing direct evidence of exposure for worker protection, patient dose verification, and environmental monitoring.